@Article{GuptaWanGiaBisJen:2024:InCeTr,
               author = "Gupta, Siddhant and Wang, Die and Giangrande, Scott E. and 
                         Biscaro, Thiago Souza and Jensen, Michael P.",
          affiliation = "{Brookhaven National Laboratory} and {Brookhaven National 
                         Laboratory} and {Brookhaven National Laboratory} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Brookhaven National 
                         Laboratory}",
                title = "Lifecycle of updrafts and mass flux in isolated deep convection 
                         over the Amazon rainforest: insights from cell tracking",
              journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
                 year = "2024",
               volume = "24",
               number = "7",
                pages = "4487--4510",
                month = "Apr.",
             abstract = "Long-term observations of deep convective cloud (DCC) vertical 
                         velocity and mass flux were collected during the Observations and 
                         Modelling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment. 
                         Precipitation echoes from a surveillance weather radar near 
                         Manaus, Brazil, are tracked to identify and evaluate the isolated 
                         DCC lifecycle evolution during the dry and wet seasons. A radar 
                         wind profiler (RWP) provides precipitation and air motion profiles 
                         to estimate the vertical velocity, mass flux, and mass transport 
                         rates within overpassing DCC cores as a function of the tracked 
                         cell lifecycle stage. The average radar reflectivity factor ( Z ), 
                         DCC area ( A ), and surface rainfall rate ( R ) increased with DCC 
                         lifetime as convective cells were developing, reached a peak as 
                         the cells matured, and decreased thereafter as cells dissipated.As 
                         the convective cells mature, cumulative DCC properties exhibit 
                         stronger updraft behaviors with higher upward mass flux and 
                         transport rates above the melting layer (compared with initial and 
                         later lifecycle stages). In comparison, developing DCCs have the 
                         lowest Z associated with weak updrafts, as well as negative mass 
                         flux and transport rates above the melting layer. Over the DCC 
                         lifetime, the height of the maximum downward mass flux decreased, 
                         whereas the height of the maximum net mass flux increased. During 
                         the dry season, the tracked DCCs had higher Z , propagation speed, 
                         and DCC area, and were more isolated spatially compared with the 
                         wet season. Dry season DCCs exhibit higher Z , mass flux, and mass 
                         transport rate while developing, whereas wet season DCCs exhibit 
                         higher Z , mass flux, and mass transport rates at later stages.",
                  doi = "10.5194/acp-24-4487-2024",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4487-2024",
                 issn = "1680-7316 and 1680-7324",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "acp-24-4487-2024.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "17 maio 2024"
}